Brand Management Dockers free essay sample

Describe the broader product-market and competitive offerings for pants at the time of the Dockers launch (What choices did men have regarding pants? ). Utilize the CBBE Pyramid to describe the association for the â€Å"Levi’s† brand. How did men perceive dress pants (the category) in general? At the time in which Dockers launched, men had two choices regarding pants, one of which was jeans, another one was dress slacks. However, at that time the â€Å"baby boomer† that grew up (25-49 years old) was moving out of the jeans market (means freedom, adventure and independence) and they are seeking for natural fibers. Meanwhile, the dress code at the workplace agrees leisure dressing on Fridays. To meet the needs of its customers, the company decided to create a new product category- â€Å"new casuals. † It would still keep the core values of Levi’s – quality, conform and uniqueness and emotional impact, but is good for both workplace and leisure time. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Management Dockers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dockers brand was born to satisfy these buyers with its new product, which utilized the comfort and casual feel of cotton, but at the same time is still stylish and unique. After combining with the CBBE Pyramids scheme, the category identification of Dockers transformed strictly into casual pants; its image is comfortable and relaxing pants, an alternative to traditional dressing for almost every occasion. The association for the â€Å"Levi’s brand† is as an extension of the brand, which have same core values-comfort, quality, uniqueness and emotional impact. Meanwhile, it reminds people the connection between Dockers and Levi’s brands, and how the Dockers line was produced by Levi’s with the same strong features as well as quality. The ultimate response by consumers was good, and the end result has led to consumers continually buying these pants due to their brand loyalty. Men perceive the dress pants as dress slacks for very formal occasions, which also have high quality but won’t satisfy the baby boomer’s fashion needs: casual and comfortable yet stylish as Dockers. 2. Levi’s chose the sub brand â€Å"Dockers† (Levi’s Dockers). Refer to the pyramid and explain the â€Å"performance and â€Å"imagery† associations managers sought to create for Dockers. Explain why  they might have chosen this name, the hangtag (women lead off ship by formally dressed man but looking at relaxed, casually dressed man), and the logo (interlocking wings and anchors). â€Å"Dockers† is a Levi’s sub-brand, and was swiftly introduced into market in 1986. â€Å"Dockers† is now an easy name to remember as it pertains to brand recall/recognition, and it’s by defini tion is a â€Å"dockworker or longshoreman† giving the brand a nautical connotation. The name the company went with at the forefront was Levi‘s Dockers Pants, and many customers thought that was too long to remember. In an effort to shorten the name, the company it became â€Å"Dockers†. Levi’s makes this brand successful because of paying attention for strengthening brand equity and other different marketing strategies. Based on the performance from CBBE Pyramid, Dockers’s core values are very straightforward: Comfort, Uniqueness, Quality and Emotional Impact. These core values are simple, as well as extremely diversified. â€Å"Dockers† offers many different product lines for every life style to customers. Moreover, â€Å"Dockers† has fantastic alternative for an optimum fit midway between formals and casuals. The company introduced â€Å"new casuals† into the market with a vision to change the markets structure. That is â€Å"the new pants to men as more formal than jeans and less causal than dress†. The specific kind of design that Dockers implemented is suitable for both the working class, and leisure based conditions; therefore the â€Å"Dockers† hangtag reflects this feature fully. What’s more important, is that Dockers used imagery to suggest to consumers that this brand is fun, and interesting. The managers of â€Å"Dockers† changed their logo from the Japanese and Argentina‘s wings and anchors, and also they put its moniker into the image. These changes can not only increase the link with the Levi‘s brand, but also show customers the transformation from old values to a new image. In addition, â€Å"Dockers† created an image to capture the segment of the market, which they wanted to conquer at the beginning: from 25 to 49 years old. The meaning of its logo had a close connection with the meaning of its hangtag. Those actions all strengthen the Docker’s brand image. 3. Describe the marketing program. What were the success factors in creating Dockers brand? Include: product line decisions (include the new product features/benefits, sub-branding strategy), pricing, promotion (adv.  , sales promotion, PR, events, direct marketing), and channel strategies (how did they â€Å"push† the brand into the retail outlets). A quick, simple, and savvy approach; those words echo exactly what Dockers did as part of their marketing approach. Their marketing program did what a lot of companies are not willing to do, and that was driving in a whole new pants category. The new casual brand that Dockers presented was sleek, comfortable, and very cost efficient. This particular marketing program used both integration, and brand recognition. Dockers had become a key subsidiary to the Levi’s brand, which was well known with the middle-aged male demographic. The goal was to use the Levis name to push the Dockers line, and ultimately create a new style that was never used before. In hindsight, Dockers made sure they leveraged their product in areas in which they knew they would get a big return on investment. Thorough research was done which led to the distribution of their product in stores that most males in the age range 25-49 years old shopped. Toe streamline the product they struck deals with others brand names such as JCPenney and Bloomingdales. This move was brilliant on the behalf of Dockers, because they aligned themselves with already established brands that people had trust in. Dockers did a full marketing plan that covered all bases. They covered all areas from pricing all the way to promotions, and even new product features. Dockers were priced in the moderate to upper moderate price range, at $32. 00. This pricing scale allowed for consumers to get the â€Å"new casual† at a reasonable price. Not only was Dockers doing this change at a reasonable price in a new category, but they were doing it in a way in which they were the influence for other brands. Eventually, Dockers came up with new product features to enhance innovation, and those features included wrinkle free features, and stain resistant pants. There is one word for this: branding. They distinguished themselves has a key brand that’s consumers would recognize, and that companies would use at points of sale. Their main focuses with these lines were that they could be used in four major segments of everyday life: Work, Weekends, Dress, and Golf. This clearly made their marketing more appealing than what most bland brands had to offer. The limit of markets that Dockers tapped into was pretty muchunlimited. They focused on major promotion and events in cities such as New York, Columbus, Cincinnati, Minneapolis, Houston, Washington, L. A. , Miami, Dallas, Charlotte, and Denver. This trend continued across other major markets, as they used what is called spot television in each market. These spot advertisements gave Dockers a quick and efficient approach to their strateg y. It also kept people thinking as to what the buzz was all about. It must have worked, because in 2005 revenues rose to $4. 1 billion dollars, and net income rose from $126 million to $155. 9 million. A lot went into Dockers and their marketing program, but ultimately it was a great success for the long haul. It developed a new line of cost efficient pants in which consumers can wear on all occasions, and it drove in revenue because it was the â€Å"new casual†. 4. Dockers missed out on the â€Å"wrinkle-free† trend when the need first emerged. Not incorporating this technology into the pants hurt the company. Years later, Dockers embraced technology in its products, creating Thermal Adapt Khaki, Perspiration Guard shirt, Stain Resistant cloths, etc. Were these good decisions or did they go too far? Explain why it was important to manage this category and market. Ultimately, it was a good decision for Dockers to enhance their line, and dip into the â€Å"wrinkle-free† aide of the business. It is a very important task for a firm to manage its products through the successive stages of their life cycles. Although Dockers missed out the â€Å"wrinkle-free† trend when the need first emerged, they realized their faults quickly, and remained relevant to the existing customer base. In addition, they keeping going and used advanced technology to creative new clothe such Thermal Adapt Khaki, perspiration Guard shift in front to the cloth market. First of all, the spirit of creative is worthy to learn. If a company is not ambitious enough to create something new and just follows the trend, it will not last long. Secondly, as it relates to the category and market management, it is very important. With using different categories and markets, the company can find new customers. Different categories and markets have different target markets, and Dockers was able to use wrinkle-free pants, resistant cloths, and casual pants to appeal different customers and gain more revenue. Increasing the product’s use was a main attribute that Dockers had to relay to their customers. That being said, they transformed their lines into different categories that can promote more frequent usage for the customer. For example, business Casual is suitable for the people who wearing in the Friday and weekend. Dockers’ khakis can now be utilized by a much broader market, for any type of situation, and consumers like the lesser is more approach. Dockers to this day are very good at creating new uses for their product line, and building that into situational circumstances. Finding new uses for an existing product has been the strategy behind Dockers, the U. S. market leader in casual pants. Originally intended as a single pant for every situation, Dockers now promotes different looks for different usage situations: Work, Weekend, Dress, and Golf. Their approach to hit upon different categories can altered the product’s characteristics, such as its quality, performance, appearance, which in turn increased the product’s value to customers as well as sales. Dockers’ wrinkle-free and stain-resistant clothing which was made possible by nanotechnology revolutionized the men’s and women’s apparel business, and stimulated industry sales of casual pants, shirts, and blouses.

Definition and Examples of a Glossary in a Book

Definition and Examples of a Glossary in a Book A glossary is an alphabetized list of specialized terms with their definitions.  In a report, proposal, or book, the glossary is generally located after the conclusion. Also known as a clavis (from the Latin word for key). A good glossary, says William Horton, can define terms, spell out abbreviations, and save us the embarrassment of mispronouncing the shibboleths of our chosen professions (e-Learning by Design, 2012). EtymologyFrom the Latin, foreign words Observations Because you will have numerous readers with multiple levels of expertise, you must be concerned about your use of high-tech language (abbreviations, acronyms, and terms). Although some of your readers will understand your terminology, others wont. However, if you define your terms each time you use them, two problems will occur: you will insult high-tech readers, and you will delay your audience as they read your text. To avoid these pitfalls, use a glossary.(Sharon Gerson and Steven Gerson, Technical Writing: Process and Product. Pearson, 2006)Locating a Glossary in a Class Paper, Thesis, or DissertationYou may need a glossary if your thesis or dissertation (or, in some cases, your class paper) includes many foreign words or technical terms and phrases that may be unfamiliar to your readers. Some departments and universities allow or require the glossary to be placed in the back matter, after any appendixes and before the endnotes and bibliography or reference list. If you are free to choose, put it in the front matter if readers must know the definitions before they begin reading. Otherwise, put it in the back matter.(Kate L. Turabian,  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed. The University of Chicago Press, 2007) Suggestions for Preparing a GlossaryUse a glossary if your report contains more than five or six technical terms that may not be understood by all audience members. If fewer than five terms need defining, place them in the report introduction as working definitions, or use footnote definitions. If you use a separate glossary, announce its location: (See the glossary at the end of this report).Follow these suggestions for preparing a glossary:Define all terms unfamiliar to an intelligent layperson. When in doubt, overdefining is safer than underdefining.Define all terms that have a special meaning in your report (In this report, a small business is defined as . . .).Define all terms by giving their class and distinguishing features, unless some terms need expanded definitions.List all terms in alphabetical order. Highlight each term and use a colon to separate it from its definition.On first use, place an asterisk in the text by each item defined in the glossary.List your glossary and its first page number in the table of contents.(John M. Lannon, Technical Communication. Pearson, 2006) Collaborative Glossaries in the ClassroomInstead of creating a glossary on your own, why not have the students create it as they encounter unfamiliar terms? A collaborative glossary can serve as a focal point for collaboration in a course. Each member of the class could be assigned to contribute a term, a definition, or comments on submitted definitions. Multiple definitions can be rated by you and by the students, with the highest-rated definitions accepted for the final class glossary.When students are responsible for creating the definitions, they are much more likely to remember the word and the correct definition.(Jason Cole and Helen Foster, Using Moodle: Teaching With the Popular Open Source Course Management System, 2nd ed. OReilly Media, 2008) Pronunciation: GLOS-se-ree

Logistic and Global Supply Chain Management M&S Case Study Assignment

Logistic and Global Supply Chain Management M&S Case Study - Assignment Example The report outlines and explains the different measures and steps taken by the management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) to change the clothing business and supply chain strategy in order to remain competitive in the industry. Changes made by Marks and Spencer (M&S) in its Clothing Business to enhance its Competitiveness: Marks and Spencer (M&S) is a big name in the UK clothing retail industry. The company has been providing the customers with high quality products at competitive prices. Marks and Spencer (M&S) made record profits until year 1998 and expanded into different international markets (Davies, 1999). However, in 1998 the company faced increasing issues and challenges which resulted in negatively affecting the performance of the organisation and hence the organisation started showing negative results (Christopher and Peck, 2001). The main reason behind these negative outcomes was the long supply chain which decreased the responsiveness of the company (Harrison and Pavitt, 2001; Mellahi, Jackson, & Sparks, 2002). However, the management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) analysed and explored the situation and came up with several changes not only in operational practices but also in its overall clothing business in order to increase the competitiveness in the market. On one hand the company focused on reshaping and redesigning its supply chain order to make sure that the customers are provided with clothes on time according to the changing needs and trends in the market. On the other hand the management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) worked on improving and updating the clothing segment according to the changing requirements and preferences of the customers (Burt, Mellahi, Jackson, & Sparks, 2002). The management of the company came up with different clothing brand lines in order to cater to the needs and requirements of different sets of target customers. As a result the company introduced different brands for its clothing business namely: per una, The Autograph, Th e Perfect Collection, The Classic Collection, Indigo Collection, Blue Harbour, and several other (Harrison and Pavitt, 2001). The management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) came up with different brand identities and positioning statements for its different clothing brands and collections keeping in view the different requirements and needs of the targeted customer segments. This in turn allowed the company to increase the overall sales and enhance the growth and performance. Marks and Spencer (M&S) has learned from its initial mistakes and now is monitoring the marketing trends closely in order to respond to the changes on timely basis with effective and efficient strategies. Due to the increasing competition in the clothing retail industry, the company is facing increasing competition in street retailing from the other clothing retailers in the market like Zara and Primak and for this reason the management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) is spending heavy amount to survive and win in the wa r of street retailing (Ruddick, 2012). On the other hand the management of Marks and Spencer (M&S) is looking for other channels to reach the customers including e-commerce and m-commerce. For instance, the company has also provided the customers with the facility of the online

The Farm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Farm - Essay Example Corn farming may seem to be an uncomplicated endeavor but this work entails a lot of hard work and sacrifices and it poses a variety of influences to the life of a society as a whole. This chapter gives a narrative account about a farm in Iowa specifically in a place named Greene County (Pollan, 2006). This farm is situated in a part described as having some of the richest soil in the world, a layer of cakey alluvial loam nearly two feet thick (Pollan, 2006, p. 33). The narrator in the story is driving the tractor of one of the farmers mentioned who is named George Naylor (Pollan, 2006). The principal crop that is being planted by Naylor is corn (Pollan, 2006). It is described how corn is planted by farmers throughout the years and the different government policies and innovations with regards to farming are also given consideration in this chapter. The chapter is worth reading for a variety of reasons. First, it is very informative for the reason that it tells the life of a farmer, which does not only focus on the typical life of a farmer wherein he plants and reaps his harvest. Conversely, the life of the farmer, Naylor is rooted with a variety of events that contributed to the manner how he manages his farm (Pollan, 2006). Second, it stirs up the interest of readers towards farming which for others may just be plain and simple but it portrays that there is more to farming than just planting and harvesting. Farming is highlighted to be in the bloodstream of Naylor because his father too was a farmer (Pollan, 2006). Corn farming is full of intricacies for the reason that a farmer must choose the right breed to plant in his soil and find means to increase his harvest such as choosing the right pesticide to drive pests away which could be detrimental to his crops, choose the right fertilizer that will make his crops stouter and the strategy to

Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Non-Oil Sector Stocks in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Saudi Arabia has proven oil reserves of 264.52 billion barrels of oil (OPEC, 2011) and recently surpassed by Venezuela who claimed their oil reserves had risen to 269.5 billion barrels of oil. In terms of oil production, Saudi Arabia has a quota allocation of just over 30% of production among Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries. The Saudi Arabian oil production in 2010 was 9.1 million barrels per day which accounted for 13% of world’s total oil production. Oil is the major driver of economic activity in Saudi Arabia. Oil-related activities accounted for 47% of the GDP in 2010 (MoF, 2011), and petroleum products exports amounted to $193 billion and accounted for 84% (by value) of total exports in Saudi Arabia (OPEC, 2011). Therefore, oil prices play a vital role in the Saudi Arabian economy. However, from the perspective of an investor or an enterprise in Saudi Arabian market, it is also important to know whether oil prices have a major role to pl ay in stock prices of non-oil sector companies too. If there is a high positive correlation between oil prices and non-oil sector stocks, an investor can use these stocks to hedge on their investments in oil. The outcome of this study could, therefore, be very useful for foreign investors and enterprises already present or planning to enter the Saudi Arabian market. Clarification of Terms and Concepts Aggregate Demand: The total demand for goods and services in an economy for a specified time period and at specific price levels is called aggregate demand. It is made up of 4 major components – consumption or consumer spending, investment, government spending and net exports. Correlation: A statistical measure that describes how two variables move together with each other. The coefficient of correlation has the value between -1 and 1. A positive value means the two variables move in the same direction simultaneously. The closer the value is to 0, the lesser relative movement th ey have. Disposable Income: The amount of money that the households in an economy have for spending and saving after taxes have been deducted from their total income. It indirectly measures the potential for consumer spending in the economy. Downstream (oil industry): The downstream activities in oil industry refer to refining and distribution of natural gas and products refined from crude oil. Exchange rates: The rate at which two currencies can be exchanged for each other. Essentially, it is the price at which one country’s currency can be exchanged for another country’s currency. Granger-Causality test: A statistical test used to measure whether the change in one variable causes a change in another variable. Granger-Causality tests relationship between two variables. This methodology is employed to test the causality of each variable for the other and establish which variable causes the change in which variable. The key principle used is that the independent variabl e is better able to predict the dependent variable than when taking only the lagged values of the dependent variable to predict it.

Implementation of Solar Tracking System Using RTC

Implementation of Solar Tracking System Using RTC ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to track the solar energy efficiently and using the same for the house hold applications like glowing Small Bulb, Mobile Phone Charging etc., Commercial made solar trackers to any solar panel array help in increasing the time of the panels facing the sun and allow them to produce their maximum power. Unfortunately they can be expensive to buy. We decided to make our own solar tracker to see if we could reduce the cost. We did not want to re- invent the wheel but wanted to make it more affordable. We started out small and came up with the idea of solar tracking using time instead of using a device that would sense where the sun is and moving the panel towards it. The objective of this project is to control the position of a solar panel in accordance with the motion of sun. Thus our objective is efficient utilization of the solar energy for development of nation and clean environment. Key Words: Solar Tracker, RTC, LDR I. INTRODUCTION: Today, 70% of the population in Indian rural areas experience a dramatic situation where the electric supply is very low and irregular, and in some cases, completely absent from 80,000 villages in the country. The country suffers from unequal energy distribution, with power cuts of 2 to 3  hours in major cities, and in rural areas from 6 to 10 hours during the hot season (May to June). Up to 50% of households in India have no access to modern lighting and the electric grid did not reach remote places of the countryside, with some provinces lacking electricity in the 95% of the region. There are some solutions like solar electricity from solar panels. Although many assume that renewable energy is too expensive for the poor but if it is combined with affordable financing mechanisms, it can be fully implemented and makes this type of clean electricity (and many others like portable rechargeable lamps) a viable option for millions in India. Both renewable and non renewable resources are being used for production of electricity to meet the needs. But non renewable resources are under the stage of extinction so it is better to choose the renewable resources. II.  EXISTING SYSTEM: The simplest of all uses an LDR a Light Dependent Resistor to detect light intensity changes on the surface of the resistor. Other methods use two phototransistors covered with a small plate to act as a shield to sunlight, as shown in Fig. 2. When morning arrives, the tracker is in state A from the previous day. The left phototransistor is turned on, causing a signal to turn the motor continuously until the shadow from the plate returns the tracker to state B. As the day slowly progresses, state C is reached shortly, turning on the right phototransistor. The motor turns until state B is reached again, and the cycle continues until the end of the day or until the minimum detectable light level is reached. Fig.1: Principle of operation of an LDR The problem with a design like this is that phototransistors have a narrow range of sensitivity, once they have been set up in a circuit under set bias conditions It was because of this fact that solar cells themselves were chosen to be the sensing devices. They provide an excellent  mechanism in light intensity detection  making use of renewable energy (solar energy) to produce power. The same energy which is generated further used mobile phone charging, household applications such as glowing small bulb etc., The diagram shows the overview of our project, when the system is on Real Time Clock gives the auto update of Time, date to microcontroller, this information is displayed on LCD through microcontroller. According to the time provided by RTC stepper motor will rotates with particular angle to change the position of solar panel to absorb solar energy. The energy absorbed by solar panel will charge battery, From battery it is given to mobile phone charging circuit which is fur ther used to charge the mobile phone. At the same time the energy stored in the battery used by power circuitry for glowing small lamp etc., FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM: because they are sensitive to varying light and provide a near linear voltage range that can be used to an advantage in determining the present declination or angle to the sun. As a result, a simple time operated solar tracking system using RTC based control system is proposed, with the tilt times of a panel position with respect  to natural position of the Sun has been RTC DS1307 MICRO CONTROLLER AT89S52MECHANICAL ROTATING UNIT DISPLAY UNIT LCD 16X2 POWER SUPPLY SOLAR PANEL BATTERY CHARGING UNIT BATTERY POWER CIRCUITARY implemented as an algorithm to controller. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM Now a days power problem is becoming big issue in society to minimize that we came up with this project. Here we are   Fig2: Block diagram of proposed solar tracking system. The main components used are microcontroller (AT89S52), RTC (DS1307), ADC (MCP3201), Op-Amp (LM324N), 16X2 LCD, Voltage controller (7805). The solar panel, Battery, DC motors are connected externally. The solar panel used in our project is made up of poly-crystalline cells. For these cells aiming is not critical as the cells are picking up the light from many different angles. IV. WORKING The power supply is given to the tracking system from external battery.7805 voltage regulator converts this incoming power supply into 5 volts in order to provide supply to other components in the system. The program to the AT89S52 micro controller is given through ISP pins. Based on RTC , the number of tilts of the panel will be set manually using four switches that are fed as an inputs to the  74LS21 AND gate and its output as an interrupt to the controller. Real Time, Tilt time settings are displayed on LCD which is connected to Port 1 of the micro controller. In this project, we use 4 tilts for tracking purpose and 5th tilt for bringing the panel back to the initial position. The RTC continuously runs and sends a high output to the microcontroller at our prescribed tilt time. Then microcontroller sends a high output to the L293D driver which drives the DC motors connected to the panel. The panel rotation or tilt angles will be initially fixed in the program that is given to the microcontroller. The output of solar panel is connected to OpAmp which amplifies the signal and gives it to the ADC which is connected to the port 1 of the microcontroller. Voltage generated by the panel as per the individual tilt time is  displayed on LCD. Display of LCD is shown in fig 6. Fig 3: LCD displaying the time and date LCD is used as the display unit. It stands for Liquid Crystal Display. These components are specialized for being used with the microcontroller. LCD screen consists of two lines with 16 characters each. Each character consists of 5x7dot matrix. Here we use LCD to display real time provided by RTC. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS: Fig 4: Prototype of Time operated solar tracking system using RTC Fig 5: Control equipment of solar tracking system CONCLUSION: The design of microcontroller based on efficient solar tracking system with real time clock is developed and described. The proposed system provides a variable indication of their relative angle to the sun by comparing with pre defined measured readings. By using this method, the solar tracker was successfully maintained a solar array at a sufficiently perpendicular angle to the Sun. The power increase gained over a fixed horizontal array was in excess of 40%. The proposed design is achieved with low power consumption, high accuracy and low cost. References: Table 1: Captured Panel voltage with proposed tracking system. S.NO TIME PANELVOLTAGE (V) 1 8.00 AM 9.0 2 9.00 AM 12.5 3 10.00 AM 13.0 4 11.00 AM 13.5 5 12.00 PM 14.0 6 1.00 PM 14.5 7 2.00 PM 12.5 8 3.00 PM 11.4 9 4.00 PM 9.3 10 5.00 PM 6.5 11 6.00 PM 1.5 Table 2: Captured panel voltages without proposed tracking system

Essay --

WHO has ranked Malaysia at 31 among 191 countries for the performance in overall health care and was recommended as a model to other developing countries. Government spending on health care was RM (Malaysian ringgits) 1 billion (USD 1 = RM 3.82) or 3.1% of the national budget in 2000 and 4.4% in 2010 (WHO World Health Statistics 2013). Russia, even after spending 25% per person more than Malaysia on health care, has reportedly not performed well as indicted by low rankings in a number of indicators (Babar Z.U.D et al., 2007). Tight control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes substantially reduces the cost of complications, increased the interval without complications and survival, and had a cost effectiveness ratio that compares favorably with many accepted healthcare programmes. (UKPDS 40). Hence, the control of Diabetes, and the prevention of Diabetes related complications will provide benefit to the patients as well as potentially reduce the overall healthcare expenditures for countries and payers (Nor Hasimah et al., 2010). 1.2 HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG GERIATRICS 1.2.1 Definition of HRQoL Prevalence of diseases among geriatrics are usually related to health related quality of life (HRQoL), which is a broad multidimensional concept that usually includes self-reported measures of physical and mental health. Health-related quality of life can be considered as that part of a person’s overall quality of life that is determined primarily by their health status and which can be influenced by clinical interventions. (Centres for Disease and Prevention, USA) On the individual level, this includes physical and mental health perceptions and their correlates—including health risks and conditio... ...esence of a chronic elevation of systemic arterial pressure above the threshold value, which is 120/80mmHg (Giles et al., 2009). Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular syndrome arising from complex and interrelated etiologies. Progression is strongly associated with functional and structural cardiac and vascular abnormalities that damage the heart, kidneys, brain, vasculature, and other organs and lead to premature morbidity and death. Reduction of BP when target organ damage is demonstrable or the functional precursor of target organ damage is present and still reversible generally reduces the risk for cardiovascular events. The prevalence of hypertension among geriatrics was 62.6% in the community and 47.6% of them had uncontrolled blood pressure (C.Teo et al., 2006). Table 1.3.1.1 below shows classification of the stages of hypertension and its definition.